解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Spatial and temporal coordination of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) activity is necessary for mitosis and cytokinesis, and this is achieved through binding to phosphorylated docking proteins with distinct subcellular localizations. Although cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) creates these phosphorylated docking sites in meta...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1557
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein degradation in eukaryotes often requires the ubiquitin-selective chaperone p97 for substrate recruitment and ubiquitin-chain assembly. However, the physiological relevance of p97, and its role in developmental processes, remain unclear. Here, we discover an unanticipated function for CDC-48/p97 in myosin assem...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1554
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network is a conserved signalling module that regulates cell fate by transducing a myriad of growth-factor signals. The ability of this network to coordinate and process a variety of inputs from different growth-factor receptors into specific biological responses is, however...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1543
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transition from cellular quiescence (G0) into S phase is regulated by the mitogenic-activation of D-type cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), the sequestration of the Cdk inhibitors (CDKIs), p21 and p27, and the hyperphosphorylation of Rb with release of E2F transcription factors. However, fibroblasts that...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1548
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aberrant activation of beta-catenin promotes cell proliferation and initiates colorectal tumorigenesis. However, the expansion of tumours and the inadequacy of their local vasculature results in areas of hypoxia where cell growth is typically constrained. Here, we report a novel diversion in beta-catenin signalling tr...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1534
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retinoblastoma protein (pRB) negatively regulates the progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, in part, by repressing E2F-dependent transcription. pRB also possesses E2F-independent functions that contribute to cell-cycle control--for example, during pRB-mediated cell-cycle arrest pRB associates with Skp2...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1532
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The directional movement of cells in a gradient of external stimulus is termed chemotaxis and is important in many aspects of development and differentiated cell function. Phophoinositide 3-kinases (PI(3)Ks) are thought to have critical roles within the gradient-sensing machinery of a variety of highly motile cells, s...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1517
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytokinesis requires the spatio-temporal coordination of cell-cycle control and cytoskeletal reorganization. Members of the Rho-family of GTPases are crucial regulators of this process and assembly of the contractile ring depends on local activation of Rho signalling. Here, we show that the armadillo protein p0071, un...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1504
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of a bipolar spindle is essential for faithful chromosome segregation at mitosis. Because centrosomes define spindle poles, defects in centrosome number and structural organization can lead to a loss of bipolarity. In addition, microtubule-mediated pulling and pushing forces acting on centrosomes and chromos...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1474
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) represent a signalling hub in many physiological responses and have pivotal functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, development and death, as well as in synaptic plasticity. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) selectively inactivate ERKs by depho...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1447
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of actin in the nucleus has been well established, and several studies have implicated nuclear actin in transcriptional regulation. Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a member of the WASP family of proteins; these proteins function in the cytoplasm as key regulators of cortical actin fi...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1433
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein ubiquitination regulates many cellular processes, including protein degradation, signal transduction, DNA repair and cell division. In the classical model, a uniform polyubiquitin chain that is linked through Lys 48 is required for recognition and degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here, we used a reconstitute...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1436
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vertebrates, centromeres lack defined sequences and are thought to be propagated by epigenetic mechanisms involving the incorporation of specialized nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant centromere protein (CENP)-A. However, the precise mechanisms that target CENP-A to centromeres remain poorly understood. ...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1396
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guard cells, which form stomata in leaf epidermes, sense a multitude of environmental signals and integrate this information to regulate stomatal movements. Compared with the advanced understanding of light and water stress responses in guard cells, the molecular mechanisms that underlie stomatal CO(2) signalling have...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1387
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial differential treatment of the two X chromosomes during X-chromosome inactivation is controlled by the X-inactivation centre (Xic). This locus determines how many X chromosomes are present in a cell ('counting') and which X chromosome will be inactivated in female cells ('choice'). Critical control sequence...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1365
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins containing ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) interact with ubiquitinated targets and regulate diverse biological processes, including endocytosis, signal transduction, transcription and DNA repair. Many of the UBD-containing proteins are also themselves monoubiquitinated, but the functional role and the mechan...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1354
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation by delaying cell-cycle progression until all sister kinetochores capture microtubules from opposite poles and come under tension (for reviews, see refs 1, 2). Although the checkpoint is activated by either the lack of kinetochore-microtubule attachments or...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1341
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The double fertilization process in angiosperms is based on the delivery of a pair of sperm cells by the pollen tube (the male gametophyte), which elongates towards an embryo sac (the female gametophyte) enclosing an egg and a central cell. Several studies have described the mechanisms of gametophyte interaction, and ...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1345
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Localization and activation of heterotrimeric G proteins have a crucial role during asymmetric cell division. The asymmetric division of the Drosophila sensory precursor cell (pl) is polarized along the antero-posterior axis by Frizzled signalling and, during this division, activation of Galphai depends on Partner of ...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1319
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian and most fungal infectious proteins (also known as prions) are self-propagating amyloid, a filamentous beta-sheet structure. A prion domain determines the infectious properties of a protein by forming the core of the amyloid. We compare the properties of known prion domains and their interactions with the re...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ncb1105-1039
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::KLF4 (GKLF/EZF) encodes a transcription factor that is associated with both tumour suppression and oncogenesis. We describe the identification of KLF4 in a functional genomic screen for genes that bypass RAS(V12)-induced senescence. However, in untransformed cells, KLF4 acts as a potent inhibitor of proliferation. KLF...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1314
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell division axis determines the future positions of daughter cells and is therefore critical for cell fate. The positioning of the division axis has been mostly studied in systems such as embryos or yeasts, in which cell shape is well defined. In these cases, cell shape anisotropy and cell polarity affect spindl...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1038/ncb1307
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and WAVE are members of a family of proteins that use the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate actin assembly in actin-based motile processes. By entering into distinct macromolecular complexes, they act as convergent nodes of different signalling pathways. The role of WAVE in g...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1038/ncb1304
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K) is a unique enzyme characterized by both lipid and protein kinase activities. Here, we demonstrate a requirement for the protein kinase activity of PI(3)K in agonist-dependent beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) internalization. Using PI(3)K mutants with either protein or lipid phospho...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1278
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomere attrition and other forms of telomere damage can activate the ATM kinase pathway. What generates the DNA damage signal at mammalian chromosome ends or at other double-strand breaks is not known. Telomere dysfunction is often accompanied by disappearance of the 3' telomeric overhang, raising the possibility th...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1275
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of a stable lamellipodium at the front of migrating cells requires localization of Rac activation to the leading edge. Restriction of alpha4 integrin phosphorylation to the leading edge limits the interaction of alpha4 with paxillin to the sides and rear of a migrating cell. The alpha4-paxillin complex inhib...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1234
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actomyosin contractility is a mechanism by which cells exert locomotory force against their environment. Signalling downstream of the small GTPase Rho increases contractility through Rho-kinase (ROCK)-mediated regulation of myosin-II light chain (MLC2) phosphorylation. Cdc42 signalling has been shown to control cell p...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1230
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stereocilia are microvilli-derived mechanosensory organelles that are arranged in rows of graded heights on the apical surface of inner-ear hair cells. The 'staircase'-like architecture of stereocilia bundles is necessary to detect sound and head movement, and is achieved through differential elongation of the actin c...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1219
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bcl-2 stimulates mutagenesis after the exposure of cells to DNA-damaging agents. However, the biological mechanisms of Bcl-2-mediated mutagenesis have remained largely obscure. Here we demonstrate that the Bcl-2-mediated suppression of hMSH2 expression results in a reduced cellular capacity to repair mismatches. The p...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1215
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The motion of a chromosome during mitosis is mediated by a bundle of microtubules, termed a kinetochore fibre (K-fibre), which connects the kinetochore of the chromosome to a spindle pole. Once formed, mature K-fibres maintain a steady state length because the continuous addition of microtubule subunits onto microtubu...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1207
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is degraded at the G0-G1 transition of the cell cycle by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Although the nuclear ubiquitin ligase (E3) SCF(Skp2) is implicated in p27(Kip1) degradation, proteolysis of p27(Kip1) at the G0-G1 transition proceeds normally in Skp2(-/-) cells. ...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1194
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene LMNA encodes the proteins lamins A and C and is implicated in nine different laminopathies - inherited diseases that are linked to premature ageing. Recent evidence has demonstrated that lamins A and C have essential functions in protecting cells from physical damage, as well as in maintaining the function of...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/ncb1104-1062
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic signalling molecule that binds to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) reversibly and in competition with oxygen. This action of NO has both physiological and pathophysiological consequences. Here we report that endogenously generated NO, which disrupts the respiratory chain, may cause ...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1188
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamic regulation of adhesion complexes is required for cell migration and has therefore emerged as a key issue in the study of cell motility. Recent progress has been made in defining some of the molecular mechanisms by which adhesion disassembly is regulated, including the contributions of adhesion adaptor proteins...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1175
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research on genome stability and integrity now extends far beyond the biochemistry of DNA repair to encompass signal transduction pathways that span numerous aspects of cellular life. Derailed genomic integrity pathways can result in debilitating genetic disorders, premature ageing, predisposition to cancer and degene...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type:
doi:10.1038/ncb1004-923
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are sorted into pairs and are then intimately aligned, or synapsed, along their lengths while a proteinaceous structure, the synaptonemal complex, is assembled between them. However, little is known about how chromosomes first recognise each other. Here we show, by comparing the ...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1168
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) is a recently identified protein implicated in both axonal guidance and neural tube closure. The avoidance of chick RGM in the posterior optic tectum by growing temporal, but not nasal, retinal ganglion cell axons is thought to contribute to visual map formation. In contrast to ephrin...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1156
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) tumour-suppressor protein potentiates p53 function by regulating post-translational modifications, such as CBP-dependent acetylation and Chk2-dependent phosphorylation, in the PML-Nuclear Body (NB). PML was recently shown to interact with the p53 ubiquitin-ligase Mdm2 (refs 4-6); howe...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1147
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia and acidosis occur in a wide variety of physiological and pathological settings that include muscle stress, tumour development and ischaemic disorders. A central element in the adaptive response to cellular hypoxia is HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), a transcription factor that activates an array of genes impli...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1144
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::LATS (large tumour suppressor) is a family of conserved tumour suppressors identified in Drosophila and mammals. Here we show that human LATS1 binds to LIMK1 in vitro and in vivo and colocalizes with LIMK1 at the actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis. LATS1 inhibits both the phosphorylation of cofilin by LIMK...
journal_title:Nature cell biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/ncb1140
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00